Studied at the Cleveland Institute of Art in Cleveland, OH, and at the Yale University School of Art and Architecture, where he earned his Master of Fine Arts Degree
One of the founders and foremost exponents of Op Art, a movement during the 1960s and early 1970s
Most of his work comprises visual investigations of formal structural and color effects, often in nested square forms.
He has exhibited at the Venice Biennale, Florence Biennale and Documenta, and his works are in permanent collections internationally.